摘 要：各交往领域和经济的全球化正在产生出一个“世界社会”，而这个世界上恰恰存在着由各大文化传统影响而成的多重现代性格局。要考察这个格局，系统理论的视角和文化主义的视角都有局限：前者忽视了文化的作用，后者则把世俗现代性简单地等同于诸种文化之一。通过把社会理论的普遍化视角和文明比较研究的多样化视角结合起来，彼此遭遇的不同文明与它们所共享的全球现代社会之间的互动，则成为关注的焦点。为克服这种遭遇和互动导致分裂和冲突，必须就世界社会中的政治正义原则展开文化间商谈以寻求共识。为成功进行这种商谈，必须从各自传统中发掘出一种自我反思能力。这种能力与世俗理性颇为相似，但对理性的世俗理解不同于对理性的世俗主义理解。世俗理性只承认原则上可以说服任何人的论证，但它必须如罗尔斯主张的那样对宗教传统和整全学说保持中立，而不必否定这些传统和学说的本身的有效性主张。非但如此，世俗理性还应该一如既往地向宗教传统借鉴与现代社会的正义观念相一致的思想资源，与各大宗教传统一起参与彼此互补的学习过程。
关键词： 世界社会； 政治正义；多重现代性； 宗教传统； 世俗理性； 文化间商谈
Religion, Law and Politics—On Political Justice in a Multicultural World-Society
Jürgen Habermas
Abstract: A world-society is emerging as a result of economic globalization and the globalization of spheres of communication, and it is just in this world that there is a constellation of multiple modernities rooted in great cultures of the world. For this constellation neither the perspective of the systems theory nor that of radical culturalism are suitable, because while the former neglects culture, the latter reduces the secular modernity simply to one of the cultures. By integrating the generalizing perspective of social theory with the diversifying perspective of comparative study of civilizations, we can bring to the foreground the interaction between the encountering civilizations and the shared contemporary global society. In order to overcome splits and conflicts resulted from these encounters and interactions, inter-cultural discourses on the principles of political justice in the world society are needed for the efforts to reach consensuses. Success of these discourses depends on the self-reflexive ability excavated from the respective traditions of civilizations. This ability is similar to secular reason, but secular reason is different from secularistic reason in that although it accepts only reasons that are convincing to everybody in principle, it holds neutral, as John Rawls thinks, to all religious traditions and comprehensive doctrines at least up to a point, and is not directed against the validity claims of these traditions and doctrines as such. Secular reason, moreover, should appropriate as before intellectual resources in religious traditions that are consistent with principles of justice in modern societies, and take part in a complementary learning process together with great religious traditions.
Key words: world society； political justice； multiple modernities； religious traditions； secular reason； intercultural discourses
