摘 要：理性之展开的具体特征，可通过考察理性之演进过程来加以解释，而这种考察既涉及理性观念的形成过程，也涉及足以形成理性观念的那些实在事物。理性及其主要部分的展开由若干个进程所构成，后者可以并且事实上是分散在不同的时期和地域而发生的。以18世纪欧洲启蒙时代关于人与自然的普遍观念为基点来检视先前的相应的思想，就会发现，古希腊人关于自然的思想在一开始就以其普遍的形式展开，而普遍人的观念却到18世纪才逐渐形成；而在中国，先秦思想家就已经提出了普遍人的思想，尽管对自然及其规律仍缺乏普遍性的反思和形而上学的探索。
关键词： 理性； 启蒙； 展开； 普遍人
Unfolding: A Lateral Thinking on the History of the Enlightenment
HAN Shui-fa
Abstract: This paper attempts to trace the evolution of reason to reveal the specific features of reason’s unfolding. Review and reflection of the reason’s process focus on ideas as well as the real things sufficient to form such ideas. The unfolding of reason and their main parts consist of several processes, which could occur dispersedly in different periods and regions. This paper shows that: by reviewing previous ideas about man and nature referring to the corresponding universal concept of the Enlightenment in Europe, we will find that the idea of nature was at the outset, unfolded in its universal form in ancient Greek, and the idea of universal human has been gradually formed in the eighteenth century in Europe, while the pre-Qin thinkers in China had definitely made out the thought of universal human being, even though they lacked universal reflection and metaphysical exploration of nature and its law.
Key words： reason; enlightenment; unfolding; universal man
