摘 要：据康德看来，与自然状态构成鲜明对比的法律状态有如下前提：存在着公认的、清楚的法律，政治权力通过这种法律、并在这种法律之下运行；存在着一种公认的途径来权威地解释法律；这种法律是完整的、连贯的并且被有效执行的。就全球公正秩序而言，康德设想了两种实现法律状态的办法：和平联盟和世界共和国。康德很可能更赞同作为策略性的改善办法的和平联盟而不是现状，前者使世界共和国更容易实现。然而，由于假定法律状态和自然状态的尖锐区别，康德的探讨是有瑕疵的。实际上，两者之间存在着半法律状态的可能性。一种法律状态的前提之满足，可以有大小程度的不同，因此只要前提是得到充分满足的状态，就可被看作是法律状态。再者，真正的纵向（联邦主义）分权与高度法律状态是相容的。根据这些考虑，在欧盟中出现的那种多层次政治结构——当它被全球化的话——就可能最有利于实现人类的持久和平。
关键词： 法律状态； 世界共和国； 和平联盟； 主权； 纵向分权
Kant’s Vision of a Just World Order
Thomas Pogge
Abstract: According to Kant , a juridical state — in stark contrast to a state of nature — presupposes that there is a body of recognized clear laws through and under which political power is exercised, that there is a way of producing authoritative interpretations of these laws, and that the body of laws is complete, consistent and effectively enforced. In regard to a just global order, Kant considers two ideas for realizing a juridical state: a pacific league or a world republic. Most probably Kant favors a pacific league strategically as an improvement over the status quo, making it easier to realize a word republic. However, Kant's discussion is flawed by his assuming a sharp distinction between a juridical condition and a state of nature. In fact, there is the intermediate possibility of a semi-juridical condition. The presuppositions of a juridical state can be fulfilled to a greater or lesser degree, so that states can be regarded as juridical so long as the presuppositions are met well enough. What's more, a genuine vertical (federalist) separation of powers is compatible with a high degree of juridicality. In light of these considerations, the kind of multi-layered political structure emerging in the European Union —when globalized —may well be the best chance for achieving lasting peace for humankind.
Key words: juridical state; world republic; pacific league; sovereignty; vertical separation of powers
