摘 要：《东西均》一书是方以智中晚年的代表哲学著作之一，在明末清初“三教合一”的时代思潮影响下，方以智以理想型儒家为旨归，提出了“三教归儒”的思想宗旨。他将孔子、孟子为代表的原始儒家看作是理想中的“大成均”，并通过对孔子“重学”思想的系统阐述、对“名教”的现实意义的哲学辩护，对“不虚生浪死”的死亡哲学思想的论述、鲜明而又系统地表达了他自己的新儒学思想。《东西均》一书融合佛、道与部分西方科学思想，体现了方以智“坐集千古之智而折衷其间”的学术理想。而其“折衷”的价值原则即是他心目中理想型的儒家。
关键词： 方以智； 《东西均》； 三教合一； 三教归儒； 理想型儒家
On the Thinking of Reduction of Three Religions to Confucianism in Dongxi Jun
WU Gen-you
Abstract: Dongxi Jun (《东西均》) is one of the representative works of Fang Yi-zhi （方以智） in his later years. Under the influence of the trend of “harmony of three religions”, Fang Yi-zhi, based on his conception of ideal Confucianism, put forth a doctrine of “reducing three religions to Confucianism”. He takes the early Confucian theories in Kong zi (Confucius) and Meng zi (Mencius) as the “Great Achievement System” in the ideal sense, then clearly and systematically expresses his own new Confucian thought through his interpretation of Kong zi’s thought on “the significance of learning”, through his philosophical defense of the meaning of “ming-jiao” (the feudal system) and his thinking on “not wasting one’s life”. Dongxi Jun assimilates Buddhism, Daoism, and some Western scientific thinking, and represents Fang Yi-zhi’s academic ideal of “choosing the middle way based on the wisdom of a thousand years”. The principle of “choosing the middle way” is the ideal Confucianism in his mind.
Key words: Fang Yi-zhi; Dongxi Jun; harmony of three religions; reduction of three religions to Confucianism; ideal Confucianism
