摘 要：卡尔·波普尔的科学哲学为众多知名科学家所推崇，甚至在美国司法体系中扮演了重要角色。但要评估波普尔对我们理解科学所起到的真正作用却并非易事，因为在毫不妥协的证伪主义者波普尔之外，还有一位理论更加温和更加合理的“影子”波普尔。波普尔本尊所原创的对科学富于个人色彩的论断难以得到辩护；而“影子”波普尔较为可辩护的观点却并非原创。笔者运用在《理性地捍卫科学》一书中所提出的批判常识主义路向化解了波普尔逻辑否定主义遇到的困难，并对科学事业给出了更加合理的解释。
关键词： 科学； 波普尔； 证伪主义； 演绎主义； 逼真性； 怀疑论； 皮尔斯；惠威尔； 批判常识主义
Just Say “No” to Logical Negativism
Susan Haack
Abstract: Karl Popper’s influential philosophy of science had the enthusiastic support of well-known scientists, and has even played a significant role in the U.S. legal system. Assessing the true value of Popper’s contribution to our understanding of science is complicated by the fact that, besides the authentic, uncompromisingly falsificationist Popper, there is also a shadow Popper who offers more modest, and more plausible ideas. But the authentic Popper’s original and distinctive claims about science are indefensible; and the shadow Popper’s more defensible ideas are not original. The Critical Common-sensist approach developed in my Defending Science—Within Reason resolves the difficulties of Popper’s Logical Negativism, and provides a much more plausible account of the scientific enterprise.
Key words: science; Popper; falsificationism; deductivism; verisimilitude; skepticism; Peirce; Whewell; Critical Common-sensism.
